- Hasura – Authorization and Permissions
The most important chapter in the track, because a mistake here is a data breach rather than a bug. Roles, row-level filters, column allowlists and session variables, worked through four real roles. Three traps with teeth: `admin` is reserved and cannot be given permissions, roles do not inherit from each other, and permissions do not cascade through relationships. Then `TypePermissions` and `ModelPermissions` in v3.
- Java 11 New String Methods
Java 11 added five small String methods. None of them is clever, and together they delete a surprising amount of the utility code every project used to carry — the null-and-whitespace check, the manual line splitter, the loop that repeats a character. isBlank() isBlank() is what people usually mean…
- Stacks
Last in, first out — everything happens at one end, so everything is O(1). Building one on an array, the balanced-brackets problem that is the reason interviewers ask about stacks, why the call stack is one, and why you should never use java.util.Stack.
- Spring Boot – Mapping DTOs with MapStruct
Generated mapping code instead of hand-written getters and setters, checked at compile time. Writing a mapper, handling nested objects and custom expressions — and the annotation-processor ordering that makes MapStruct and Lombok work together, because getting it wrong produces mappers that compile and map nothing.
- Python – Tuples
Tuples and why an immutable sequence earns its place next to the list. Unpacking, returning more than one value, the starred target, named tuples, and the one-element tuple that catches everybody.